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Green Manures

 

Intercrop Green Manures
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£6.90 per kg
With a slightly different approach to the other legumes in this section white clover is sown into an emerging spring cereal crop. It is left to establish underneath and then allowed to grow after harvest. In the late autumn as the green material dies back it is possible to direct drill a winter cereal into the clover. The result is a winter cereal growing through the clover mat using fixed N. As the surface is undisturbed there is little chance for weeds to germinate. The same procedure can be followed for a further year.

Broadcast at 2 kg per acre (5 kg/ha) in April/May.
White Clover
Inter Crop Green Manure
It is possible to grow a green manure at the same time as growing a cash crop. Seed is sown into an established grain crop, usually in the spring, and left underneath until the main crop is harvested. After harvest the green manure grows strongly and establishes a full cover.


Free nitrogen here


This technique enables the use of small seeded nitrogen fixing legumes. These legumes are slow to establish which means they shouldn’t interfere with the harvest of the main crop. Once harvested they can be used as summer or winter cover green manures with the added bonus of providing a living mulch under the cash crop to suppress weeds and retain moisture. An autumn incorporation will provide organic matter to improve soil tilth and N for a following cash crop. Alternatively they can be grown on after the cash crop is harvested as a winter cover green manure to fix N or even into a following fallow period as an already well established one or two year crop.

Post Harvest Grazing Potential
The legumes in this section can be grazed after harvest. If grazing is intended, a mixture of yellow trefoil, white clover and a limited amount of grass works well. Red clover and sweet clover can also be grazed but there are some limitations with these crops. Red clover can be grazed with fattening stock in the autumn. Care must be taken with breeding animals as red clover contains oestrogen and whilst the effects are short lived it is possible to achieve low conception rates. To avoid this problem exclude red clover from the diet six weeks before and after conception. For specific information please ring for advice.



N Lifter
N Fixer
Organic Matter
Quick to Establish
Supresses Weeds
Deep Roots
Tolerates Drought
White Clover
little effect
very good
good
fair
good
fair
good
Yellow Trefoil
little effect
very good
good
fair
good
fair
fair
Red Clover
little effect
excellent
good
fair
good
excellent
good
Sweet Clover
little effect
excellent
excellent
good
good
excellent
excellent
£6.00 per kg
Yellow trefoil is a low growing annual which can be undersown into a cash crop in the spring providing a vigorous green manure once the main crop is harvested. It tolerates shade and this makes it ideal for undersowing and suppressing weeds within an upstanding crop. Seed should be broadcast from mid March and before the host crop canopy closes in. Yellow trefoil can make available up to 125 kg N per hectare for the following crop. Trefoil can be sown into a range of crops including spring cereals, brasiccas and maize. It rarely interferes with harvest as it grows low to the ground.

Broadcast at 3 kg per acre (8 kg/ha).
Yellow Trefoil

£5.66 per kg
Pure red clover (shown on left in spring oats) can be undersown to spring cereals to give a flush of growth after harvest. Red clover can fix up to 200 kg N per hectare but grows taller than yellow trefoil, so careful timing is important when sowing. Often the best time is during May when moisture is still available. The crop is very competitive against weeds and being a perennial can be left down for one or two years. It has a good penetrating root structure which leads to improved soil structure.

Broadcast at 6 kg per acre (15 kg/ha).
Red Clover



£3.84 per kg
This green manure usually nodulates rapidly which explains why it is so effective. According to research in US, sweet clover can fix up to 100 kg of N per hectare when it is only one foot high. It will reach this stage quickly compared to other legumes so once again timely sowing is important. Sowing in the spring into well established (dense) cereals usually inhibits sweet clover until harvest but it is best to sow a month before harvest if the cereal is thin. Prior to sowing the seed should be inoculated to effectively start nodulation. Inoculum costs £8.00 per sachet with each sachet treating 25 kgs of seed.

Sow at 6 kg per acre (15 kg/ha).
Sweet Clover





N FIXER
 
N FIXER
 
N FIXER
 
N FIXER
 
Call 0800 252211
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£8.00 per sachet (£9.40 inc. VAT)
This inoculum introduces an important bacteria into the soil which is necesary to promote the growth of root nodules. Without inoculum and the subsequent nodulation nitrogen fixation will be significantly reduced.
Inoculum for Sweet Clover
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